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Jansen invites us to develop tools for grasping not just state evasion but also "nonevasion" (Jansen 2014) symptoms knee sprain purchase kemadrin on line amex, thus enriching our anthropological understanding of state desire medications on carry on luggage effective 5mg kemadrin. Jansen (2014) argues that a desire for "a functioning state" was an integral part of that yearning for normal life. While war, occupation, or the anticipation of war could qualify as "abnormal times," one can argue that a "yearning for normal lives" could also occur in times of "notwar," as Hermez (2012: 332) calls the vague spaces between outbursts of violence in places such as Lebanon. Here, I draw on my own work on Lebanon to engage with the notion of statism, which I consider to be a belief in statecraft and the desire to be incorporated in the project of the state-in other words, "states of aspiration. During the war, provisions "normally" provided by the state were relegated to "civil society" (mujtama` ahli). Residents built roads to the entrance of their town and to the highlands to access their orchards; they dug a well and built a school, and dealt with waste, all at their own expense. The state at that historical moment was indeed reduced to an idea (perhaps even wishful thinking) as one aspect of its "materiality"-normally attained through public infrastructural works (Harvey 2010; 2005)-was absent. While justified throughout the war, this "absence," now a synonym for "the failure of the state to perform its perceived duties," was no longer tolerated after the war ended. In other words, it seemed plausible that war and the state, or a "functioning" state (since features of the state, the army, ministries, etc. When the war ended, and people expected the "reappearance" of the state, residents of the Lebanese border were put simultaneously under the rule of two states, the Lebanese and the Syrian, both of which made their presence felt through disciplinary techniques. This simultaneous rule created an ambiguous situation, practically, in terms of recourse and everyday dealings with the state, and, affectively, in terms of national belonging and expectations of sovereignty (Obeid 2010, 2011). During this period, the residents of the town characterized the state as having "faces" (awjuh), which it (whether Lebanese or Syrian) revealed to them episodically. The border predicament resulted in a remoteness from the "center" that seemed to epitomize state neglect, at least in terms of provision. State presence was rather felt in its forceful role through its symbols of discipline: army tanks, utility police, internal security, secret police, and the like (Obeid 2010). While the Syrian state was seen as the more powerful, the Lebanese state was deemed a failure, but not without recognition of its potential, especially that the residents were able to see a different "face" of the state in other areas of the country. A good body of literature has remarkably focused on the failure of the state to perform its role and functions. The predominance of idioms of dysfunction, the "weak state" (El Khazen 2000), "the chronically fragile" state (Joseph 1999), the "state in decline" (Hanf 1993), and the "fragmented" state, among others, perhaps make a case for an anthropology of "state failure" (Kosmatopoulos 2011: 119). Recent developments in the region echo similar anxieties over failed states in the Arab world. Yet, these discourses beg important questions: what marks the failure of the state? How do discourses of failed states unravel ideals that lie behind prevalent and competing political imaginations? My work on Lebanon and the observations one can make from the discourses flowing in the region suggest that this discourse of failure may well be understood precisely in 446 michelle obeid terms of what I consider "states of aspiration. It was a peculiar moment, right before the fall of Baghdad, when Iraqi state media had successfully led people to believe that the Iraqi military power was ready for the imminent American incursion. My experience in Arsal taught me that people in rural border areas of Lebanon, the geographical margins of the nationstate, were highly invested in international relations and world politics. They saw their border predicament, lacking in national sovereignty, as something that was interwoven in political worlds larger than their own. In this spirit, the fate of Iraq for many was to define the future of the region in ways that would affect the local as much as the regional. The fight was not necessarily conceived as one that was to be determined by military power. But there was something about the propaganda that suggested, even if farcically as it turned out, a possible defeat of a world power through the steadfastness of a vulnerable people. Rather, as my interlocutor suggested, these conversations and imaginations constituted a "hala min al tamanni," a state of aspiration in which people hope for, discuss, expand, elaborate on, and take part in one or more possible trajectories for change. For them, life needs to be understood "in terms of both limits and crossroads-where new intersections of technology, interpersonal relations, desire, and imaginations can sometimes, against all odds, propel unexpected futures" (2010: 318). They call for an "anthropology of becoming" that, through ethnographic work, "can make public the constellations through which the life chances are foreclosed and highlight the ways desires can break open alternative pathways" (2010: 318).

Not later than December 31 symptoms hyperthyroidism order 5mg kemadrin mastercard, 1994 treatment 2 go discount 5 mg kemadrin mastercard, the United States Sentencing Commission shall submit a report to Congress on issues relating to sentences applicable to offenses involving the possession or distribution of all forms of cocaine. The report shall address the differences in penalty levels that apply to different forms of cocaine and include any recommendations that the Commission may have for retention or modification of such differences in penalty levels. No action may be brought under this subsection unless such action is begun within 2 years of the date of the act complained of or the date of the discovery of the damage. An authorized recipient under subsection (b)(ll) may resell or redisclose personal information for any purpose. An authorized recipient under subsection (bX12) may resell or redisclose personal information pursuant to subsection (bXl2). Any authorized recipient (except a recipient under subsection (bXlD) that resells or rediscloses personal information covered by this title must keep for a period of 5 years records identifying each person or entity that receives information and the permitted purpose for which the information will be used and must make such records available to the motor vehicle department upon request. Any State department of motor vehicles that has a policv or practice of substantial noncompliance with this chapter shall be subject to a civil penalty imposed by the Attorney General of not more than $5,000 a day for each day of substantial noncompliance. After the effective date, if a State has implemented a procedure under section 2721(b) (11) and (12) of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 2902, for prohibiting disclosures or uses of personal information, and the procedure otherwise meets the requirements of subsection (b) (11) and (12), the State shall be in compliance with subsection (b) (11) and (12) even if the procedure is not available to individuals until they renew their license, title, registration or identification card, so long as the State provides some other procedure for individuals to contact the State on their own initiative to prohibit such uses or disclosures. Prior to the effective date, personal information covered by the amendment made by section 300002 may be released consistent with State law or practice. Amounts of new budget authority and outlays under paragraph (1) that are included in concurrent resolutions on the budget shall not be taken into account for purposes of sections 601(b), 606(b), and 606(c) of the Congressiomal Budget Act of 1974, or for purposes of section 24 of House Concurrent Resolution 218 (One Hundred Third Congress). Section 1321(a) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the following new paragraph: "(91) Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. For fiscal year 1999, the comparable level for budgetary purposes shall be deemed to be $5,639,000,000. For fiscal year 2000, the comparable level for budgetary purposes shall be deemed to be $6,225,000,000. Upon enactment of this Act, the discretionary spending limits set forth in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U. For fiscal year 1999, the comparable amount for budgetary purposes shall be deemed to be $6,500,000,000 in new budget authority and $5,639,000,000 in outlays. For fiscal year 2000, the comparable amount for budgetary purposes shall be deemed to be $6,500,000,000 in new budget authority and $6,225,000,000 in outlays. The aggregate reduction in the authorization for any particular Federal law enforcement program may not exceed 10 percent of the total amount authorized to be appropriated from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund for that program in this Act or amendment made by this Act. The aggregate reduction in the authorization for any particular State and local law enforcement program may not exceed 10 percent of the total amount authorized to be appropriated from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund for that program in this Act or amendment made by this Act. The aggregate reduction in the authorization for any particular prevention program may not exceed 10 percent of the total amount authorized to be appropriated from the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund for that program in this Act or amendment made by this Act. Section 1112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended- (1) in subsection (b)- (A) by inserting "fined under this title or" sifter "shall be" in the first undesignated paragraph; and (B) by inserting ", or both" after years"; (2) by striking "not more than $1,000" and inserting "under this title"; and (3) by striking "three" and inserting "six". Section 1958(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting "or who conspires to do so" before "shall be fined" the first place it appears. Section 844 of title 18, United States Code, is amended- (1) in subsection (f)- (A) by striking "not more than ten years, or fined not more than $10,000" and inserting "not more than 20 years, fined the greater of the fine under this title or the cost of repairing or replacing any property that is damaged or destroyed,"; and (B) by striking "not more than twenty years, or fined not more than $10,000" and inserting "not more than 40 years, fined the greater of the fine under this title or the cost of repairing or replacing any property that is damaged or destroyed,"; (2) in subsection (h)- (A) in the first sentence by striking "five years" and inserting "5 years but not more than 15 years"; and (B) in the second sentence by strilang "ten years" and inserting "10 years but not more than 25 years"; and (3) in subsection (i)- (A) by striking "not more than ten yesirs or fined not more than $10,000" and inserting "not more than 20 years, fined the greater of the fine under this title or the cost of repairing or replacing any property that is damaged or destroyed,"; and (B) by striking "not more than twenty years or fined not more than $20,000" and inserting "not more than 40 years, fined the greater of the fine under this title or the cost of repairing or replacing any property that is damaged or destroyed,". Thereafter, the task force shall make such reports as the task force deems appropriate. Nonmailable iijurious animals, plant pests, plants, and illegally taken Hsh, wildlife, and plants "A person who knowingly deposits for mailing or delivery, or knowingly causes to be delivered by mail, according to the direction thereon, or at any place at which it is directed to be delivered by the person to whom it is addressed, anything that section 3015 of title 39 declares to be nonmailable matter shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both. Nonmailable injurious animals, plant pests, plants, and illegally taken fish, wildlife, and plants. Section 524(c)(6) of title 28, United States Code, is amended- (1) by striking "and" at the end of subparagraph (B); (2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting "; and"; and (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: "(D) a report for such fiscal year containing a description of the administrative and contracting expenses paid from the Fund under paragraph (1)(A). The Attorney General shall consult with the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services in establishing and carrying out the substance abuse treatment and prevention components of the programs authorized under this Act, to assure coordination of programs, eliminate duplication of efforts and enhance the effectiveness of such services. Receiving the p r o c e e d s of e x t o r t i o n "A person who receives, possesses, conceals, or disposes of any money or other property which was obtained from the commission of any offense under this chapter that is punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, knowing the same to have been unlawfully obtained, shall be imprisoned not more than 3 years, fined under this title, or both. Crimes by or affecting persons engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce "(a)(1) Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and knowingly, with the intent to deceive, makes any false material statement or report or willfully and materially overvalues any land, property or security- "(A) in connection with any financial reports or documents presented to any insurance regulatory official or agency or an agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, and "(B) for the purpose of influencing the actions of such official or agency or such an appointed agent or examiner, shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2). If the amount or value so embezzled, abstracted, purloined, or misappropriated does not exceed $5,000, whoever violates paragraph (1) shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. If the offense has contributed to the decision of a court of appropriate jurisdiction to issue an order directing the conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation of an insurer, such penalty shall be remitted to the appropriate regulatory official for the benefit of the policyholders, claimants, and creditors of such insurer.

The fermentability of each carbohydrate depends on its structure and water solubility medications for bipolar disorder cheap kemadrin generic. The presence of bacteria with the required enzymes for each step of carbohydrate degradation is also essential medications for osteoporosis order 5mg kemadrin fast delivery. The degradation and fermentation of a complex carbohydrate structure may be the result of a synergy between several bacterial species [94], and some of the enzymes may take time to be expressed either by induction of enzymes, in originally predominant bacteria, or by an increase in dominance by new groups. It has been shown in rats that it can take many weeks before the colonic microflora are truly adapted to the introduction of a new gum into the diet [95]. Pectin increases the proportion of acetic acid produced, guar gum and ispaghula tend to promote the production of propionic acid, and resistant starch, oat gum, and fructooligosaccharides increase the production of butyric acid [98]. Normal diet and more recently produced therapeutic feeds are more likely to contain mixtures of nondigestible carbohydrates. The fermentation of mixtures may not be predicted from studying the isolated carbohydrates. Moreover, slowly fermented carbohydrates may push the fermentation of more easily degraded sources, which produce butyrate, toward the distal colon, where they could have a greater impact on diseased tissue. A delay in fermentation (breathhydrogen production) was seen when ispaghula and lactulose were fed together to human subjects [99]. The several benefits of reduced colonic pH include the inhibition of undesirable bacterial activities such as 7 dehydroxylase [102], which forms secondary bile acids that can act as cocarcinogens. Reduced colonic pH can also lead to precipitation of fatty acids, sterols, and other molecules that have been implicated as procarcinogens. Nevertheless, populations in South Africa with a low risk of colonic cancer also have a lower colonic and fecal pH than those from highrisk populations [104]. They promote the absorption of water and electrolytes [105] and inhibit the growth of pathogens [106], thus reducing the risk of diarrhea. They stimulate cell proliferation throughout the gut even though they are produced in the large intestine [107], and this may be important for wound healing after gut surgery [108] or after gastrointestinal disease. Antibiotics that reduce bacterial metabolism have been found to cause an increase in motility [113]. In addition to these general effects, each fatty acid has its own idiosyncratic actions. Propionic acid is absorbed into the portal vein but is mainly removed by the liver [115]. Although this effect has been well demonstrated under experimental conditions, it is not clear if enough propionic acid is formed in the colon and absorbed into the portal vein to influence cholesterol synthesis [120]. It is worth noting, however, that carbohydrates associated with cholesterollowering effects are often those that promote propionate production, and a decrease in the ratio of acetate to propionate production appears to be related to a lower hepatic synthesis of cholesterol from acetate [121]. More recent interest has centered on the many potential anticancer properties of butyrate. An increase in the rate of colonic cell proliferation is believed to be a risk factor for cancer. On the other hand, all cells in the colon are programmed with a time to die (programmed cell death, or apoptosis). It is probably the balance between the levels of proliferation and apoptosis that determines whether a cancer will or will not develop. Butyrate has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation of normal colonic cells and to stimulate apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro [122]. Butyrate has also been shown to heal damaged mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis [127]. Increasing bacterial numbers by providing fermentable energy sources may influence the transformation of drugs [128], the production or disposition of toxins and carcinogens [129,130], and the production of ammonia [131,132], nitrogen cycling [133], and other activities. The main bacterial enzymes involved in drug and other xenobiotic transformations are azoreductase, -glucosidase, glucuronidase, and nitroreductase. The effect of nondigestible carbohydrate on the activities of these enzymes is variable and has been extensively reviewed elsewhere [129], but, in general, fermentable nondigestible carbohydrates are likely to increase their activity. The relevance of this enzyme activity to the causes of human disease is not clear, but several animal studies suggest that some types of fiber may protect against intestinal tumors induced by chemical carcinogens [134], while others suggest little effect or that carcinogenesis may even be promoted [136]. The nature of nondigestible carbohydrates appears to be an important factor in determining their effect on carcinogenesis, but conflicting results have been reported for the same types of fiber; for example, konjac mannan has been shown to inhibit 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in rat colon. Also, although its consumption did not lead to significant changes in microflora composition, a significant reduction in fecal -glucuronidase, nitroreductase, and azoreductase activity was observed in F344 rats [134], as well as a reduction in -glucuronidase and nitroreductase activity in C3H/He rats [135].

In order for flexibility targets to be achieved symptoms checklist buy kemadrin 5mg cheap, operating and market rules must not hinder access to the physical flexibility in the ground medicine lyrics purchase kemadrin 5 mg overnight delivery. Otherwise, physical flexibility can be stranded and thus unavailable to the power system operator. For example, reciprocating engine plants can start within 60 seconds and fully load in 5 minutes, providing value for regions with high wind and solar penetration. A challenge remains in assuring that flexibility is correctly valued with appropriate reliability rules, operating practices, and bulk power system market design incentives. Opportunities for stakeholder engagement and other collaborative efforts go beyond analysis of benefits and development of optimal utilization strategies. Technology-neutral reliability rules, operating practices, and market incentives can prescribe the required physical characteristics for flexible resources. This technical neutrality fosters competition between technologies and allows for advancements that may result in new sources of flexibility unforeseen at the time of rule development. One prerequisite in achieving a flexible power system is the creation of incentives that foster the development of needed resources. Reduced wind integration costs, reduced wind curtailment, improved power system efficiency and reliability. Key Themes: Reduce Wind Costs; Expand Developable Areas Markets Addressed: Land, Offshore, Distributed Because of the complexity of the power system and the uncertainty surrounding specific locations of new generation and transmission, analysis activities can help quantify the value of flexible resources. These resources include (but may not be limited to) reciprocating engine-driven generators, advanced aeroderivative combustion turbines, flexible combined cycle generators, demand response, purpose-built storage. Expanding the functionality of demand response and inherent storage provides opportunities for stakeholder action, including: 9. Flexibility of resources, which can be either generation or flexible demand or storage, is generally defined as the ability to change states quickly. Thus fast ramping and short start-up, shut-down, and up-/down-times are measures of flexibility. It is also necessary to inform power system operators which practices work and which do not by disseminating findings via publications, workshops, and conferences. This activity provides the scientific background necessary to help promulgate operating best practices, such as sub-hourly energy scheduling and balancing over larger areas, which have the potential to significantly reduce wind integration costs. This activity also illustrates the need for more flexible resources such as fast-starting conventional generation and increased demand response, which can also substantially reduce wind integration costs. Increased wind integration levels, appropriate amounts of operating reserves, reduced curtailment, lower integration costs. Note: Increased balancing area size and faster scheduling reduce regulation requirements, and therefore reduce power system operating costs. Increased balancing area size and faster scheduling reduce regulation requirements. Figure 4-1 demonstrates that requirements for regulation-a relatively expensive balancing service-are reduced substantially as balancing area size is increased and the dispatch interval is decreased. Analysis may be required to quantify benefits in regions that are not already implementing sub-hourly energy scheduling or that operate with small balancing areas. Such techniques and studies should seek to accurately encompass multiple balancing areas and regions as well as help promulgate best practices, such as optimization of flexibility reserve. These advanced methods can be used to address technology neutrality concerns, assuring that all technologies are treated equally in reliability rules and market structures. Allows power system operator access to additional flexibility from wind plants, when it is economical or necessary for reliability. Key Themes: Reduce Wind Costs; Expand Developable Areas Markets Addressed: Land; Offshore Action 5. The Wind Vision Study Scenario includes the construction and integration of multiple offshore wind plants. Each project is individually responsible for the interconnection that brings power to shore. These power delivery systems will be built on public waterways and connected to the on-shore grid infrastructure.

Public attitudes toward land-based and offshore wind are generally supportive [267] symptoms estrogen dominance safe 5 mg kemadrin. Although not conclusive medications not to take during pregnancy buy kemadrin 5 mg fast delivery, research as recent as 2014 suggests that existing wind projects have not led to any widespread reduction in the home values of surrounding properties [268, 269, 270, 271]. Moreover, as previously described, the local positive economic development benefits of wind projects can be substantial, providing not only local jobs, but additional tax revenue and land use payments [210, 213, 245, 248, 272]. Despite these findings, public acceptance in communities that host wind facilities is highly dependent on local conditions and can change depending on whether benefits are provided and whether community members feel that their values are respected during the development process [273, 274]. As a result, early community involvement, careful attention to local concerns, and advancements in development and siting procedures may be needed to achieve the wind deployment levels in the Study Scenario while also reducing the prevalence of local conflicts. Expanded community engagement using more accessible peer-reviewed information, increasingly sophisticated assessment tools, and technology advancements to mitigate potential impacts can help reduce local concerns. Ultimately, although doing so would increase the costs of wind deployment, the available U. As described in greater depth in Chapter 2, much is already known and many studies have documented the limited potential impacts of wind development [274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279]. Most of these issues are addressed through the implementation of thoughtful permitting and zoning guidelines and careful study during the project development process. As has been discussed previously, there are no defined standard guidelines for the permitting of wind power plants, although several examples have been publicly offered [280, 281, 282]. Although some questions remain, numerous state and federal organizations, non-governmental organizations, and the larger wind industry continue to work to understand, document, and mitigate current or future impacts. Over the long-term horizon of the Wind Vision, the number of turbines will increase dramatically, potentially increasing health and safety 218 Chapter 3 Local Impacts concerns and requiring careful attention. At the same time, with regulatory and statutory oversight, careful and considerate wind development, and use of mitigation strategies, health and safety impacts can be reduced. This chapter has identified a large number of benefits to wind deployment for the nation as a whole: cleaner air, reduced water stress, stable energy prices and, in the longer term, reduced impacts from climate change. These larger national benefits must also be included in the consideration of the positive and negative local impacts of wind development. Ongoing communication of these benefits at the national and local levels will be essential to maintaining high levels of both general and local support for wind development. With high land values and an average population density six times greater than in corresponding inland counties, coastal areas frequently lack suitable sites for new utility-scale electric generation facilities. From the perspective of land use and site availability in densely populated coastal states, offshore wind is one of the most potentially viable large-scale renewable energy options. In some cases, offshore wind may be one of the only electric generation options that can be practically developed at a large scale using indigenous energy sources. Through innovation and increasing scale, however, this market segment could bring notable potential benefits. Under the Study Scenario, the offshore wind industry would complement and bolster a strong land-based industry through the use of common supply chain components and the development of workforce synergies. While a sharp decline in offshore wind costs is anticipated with increased industrial scale (see Section 3. Reduced Transmission Requirements Building electric transmission lines from interior land-based wind (or other electric generation) sites to coastal population centers may avoid the need for new local, large-scale generation in these areas. There is, however, significant uncertainty associated with the cost of building new transmission, and even greater uncertainty associated with the feasibility of planning, permitting, and cost recovery [285]. For example, there is no currently accepted method of planning and allocating the cost of multi-state electric transmission projects spanning from the Midwest to the East Coast; in fact, there is evidence that some Chapter 3 Unique Benefits of Offshore and Distributed Wind 219 policy makers in coastal states are opposed to such infrastructure [286]. The development of offshore wind can reduce the need for new investments in long-distance transmission and avoid complex (and sometimes contentious) transmission projects [2, 64, 63]. At the same time, offshore wind does require some offshore transmission infrastructure, and so presents a unique opportunity for efficient centralized management of offshore transmission planning and development. Since the federal government and state governments control most of the offshore space, a new offshore transmission infrastructure could avoid some of the complexity and fragmentation resulting from numerous over-land private property easements and could provide a more robust electric network for congested coastal areas. Although these more global market price reductions cannot be attributed to lowering the cost of energy for offshore wind projects, they can potentially provide incentives at the utility level to raise the price point for grid parity with other energy sources. Higher Capacity Value Relative to Land-Based Wind the capacity value of a power plant is the amount of generation that can be relied upon to meet load during critical periods.

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