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It is sixth most common malignancy and the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide mental illness disability purchase lyrica in india. Early detection of a premalignant oral lesion would improve the survival to a greater extent mental disorders adhd order lyrica on line amex. Tobacco lays an enormous effect of disease for health, economic, social and environment issues. Cross sectional study was done at tertiary care hospital to find association between urinary cotinine levels and buccal mucosal micronuclei cells of smokeless tobacco chewers. Introduction Oral cancer is one of the commonest causes of disease and death rate nowadays. Wingkar Professor and Head, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Dept. The World Health Organization figured out that proportion of deaths that result due to tobacco-related diseases would rise in India from 1. Tobacco lays an enormous effect of disease for contrary health, economic, social and environment issues. The tobacco epidemic is among the largest public health threat at present situation which almost Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, January 2020, Vol. Among mortality of ten adults in every six seconds, one death is reported due to habitual tobacco. Use of tobacco is an indicatory public health problem on earth and the only cause for preventable hazard for human health3. Biological consequences of Nicotine are widespread and lengthened to all systems of the body including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and reproductive systems6. Smokeless tobacco is thought to be highly addictive due to their high nicotine content. The half life of nicotine is very less and its metabolites especially cotinine has a long half life, which is good biomarker of nicotine in urine (urinary cotinine level)7,8. This may be fact because of the cultivation of the tobacco crops in specific parts of that region only9. Multiple studies have reported that all forms of tobacco use are highly prevalent in both men and women in India. The risk of oral cancer associated with those who use chewing tobacco is approximately 50 times higher than that of non-tobacco users. Chewing tobacco also results in lesions like leukoplakia caused due to chronic irritation. Globally, about 5, 00,000 new oral and pharyngeal cancers are diagnosed annually and three-quarters of these are seen in the developing countries, including about 65, 000 cases being reported from India11. If not precise, but an arbitrary prediction about the molecular changes that take place in the buccal mucosal cells of tobacco users in individuals without any lesion can hint towards the occurrence of any lesion in those individuals in future12. The biomarkers most widely used to quantify exposure to tobacco include nicotine, and their metabolites are cotinine, carbon monoxide, and thiocyanate. The literature review revealed that there is a paucity of literature regarding the association among smokeless tobacco chewers in Belagavi region. Therefore, the study aimed to study the cytomorphological changes in the buccal mucosa of smokeless tobacco chewers and normal subjects. Material and Method this Cross sectional study was conducted in Belagavi region of Karnataka state in India. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Institution and University. Written informed consent was explained and taken from the participants in English and local languages (Kannada and Marathi). Inclusion criteria for age were300 smokelesstobacco chewers and 300 Non tobacco chewers between 18 to 65 years. Subjects with pre-existing oral cavity lesions, alcoholics and having recent viral infections and who had received radiotherapy or chemotherapy in last month 110Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, January 2020, Vol.

These factors are again dependent on the behavioral patterns of the family members disorders of brain function buy discount lyrica 150mg line. Therefore mental health orange county cheap 75 mg lyrica fast delivery, theoretically any combination of acquisition or transmission between spouses and between parents and children exists. There are phases like periods of stress, when adults are more susceptible to bacterial infections, and when local changes promote the acquisition of the disease-causing bacterium because of decreased resistance, which enables bacterial transmission to occur. Disease progression is most commonly seen in populations with low socio economic and educational levels as they in general maintain lower standards of oral hygiene as sprove din study by Preus et al (1994) and Tinoco et al 19887. If such reports are accurate, then it appears that periodontal pathogens can be transmitted rather readily, perhaps even on casual contact. Thus, while there has been an intuitive feeling that the oral microbiota is relatively stable within an individual, it seems likely that new species or different clonal types of the same species can be introduced into an individual at various stages of his on her life. If the newly acquired strain is more virulent than the preexisting strain of that species, then a change in disease pattern could occur. Transmission of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a bacterial species, which is specifically associated with severe periodontitis lesion in adults. In subgingival areas harboring Pg, it often comprises a relatively large part of the microbial flora. In healthy sites and in gingivitis sites, the isolation frequency of this species is low. The microorganism is quite uncommon in children although it can be seen in children with aggressive type of periodontitis. It was demonstrated recently that chronic periodontitis patients can be infected with more than one clonal type of Pg. Most often only one clonal type has been recovered, suggesting that chronic periodontitis patients are in general colonized with one predominant clone of Pg. It is not clearly known whether periodontal break down in spouses favored the transmission of Pg or the transmission of Pg from the spouses had initiated the disease process or had an aggravating effect on the present status. Though transmission of Pg is not a common phenomenon, it is suggested that the suspected periodontal pathogen Pg can be transmitted between spouses. Further research will be necessary to determine whether spouses of periodontitis patients are at risk for getting periodontal destruction and delayed wound healing following surgical management, because of transmission of Pg12. Clinical Significance of Transmission It is well known that Aa and Pg play a major role in the etiology of periodontal diseases. A sevenyear longitudinal study of the periodontal condition of young Indonesian couples who had been married for an average of ten years was conducted. Based on the results, it was found that the transmission occurred more frequently but did not lead to persistent colonization or detectable levels of the organism. Also, it was found that bacterial colonization is host dependent and depends on the characteristics of the strain. The numbers of bacteria in the transfer inoculum were too low or exposure to infection occurred too rarely. Based on the study, it was inferred that the older or established microbiota did not easily accept new bacterial invaders. This result contrasts with those of Von Troil linden et al 19959 & Asikainen et al 19976 who found that spouses of patients with periodontitis had significantly more gingival suppuration, supra gingival and sub gingival calculus and deeper periodontal pockets than the spouses of patients without periodontitis. Therefore, it seems that not only were periodontal pathogens transmitted between the same spouses, but also the transmission resulted in periodontitis in the recipient spouse. This possibility 774Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, January 2020, Vol. Source of Pathogens & Route of Infection In humans, the highest frequencies and levels of Aa and Pg are usually seen in periodontal pockets subgingivally, although the organisms can be recovered from supra gingival plaque, oral mucosal surfaces, dorsum of the tongue and pharynx. These two microorganisms play a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. While Aa can colonize a healthy and clean oral cavity, Pg does not seem to colonize clean tooth surfaces but prefers sites showing inflammation due to poor oral hygiene and sites harboring gram positive dental plaque bacteria. It was found that high salivary levels of periodontal pathogens are seen in patients with advanced periodontitis and in relation to patients with initial periodontal destruction. The role of saliva as a transport vehicle has been supported by the findings that Aa and Pg could be cultured from salivary samples, which indicates that these bacteria are able to survive in saliva during transportation to a new host.

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Gender differences in physical activity in older children and adolescents: the central role of organized sport mental health 60445 buy 75mg lyrica. Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: report of the 2017 global survey mental therapy exercises purchase lyrica 150mg. Adolescent lifestyle in India: Prevalence of risk and promotive factors of health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Exploring the Borderlands between Media and Health: Conceptualizing" Critical Media Health Literacy". Effect of Core Training with and without Yogic Practices on Elasticity among College Female Athletes R. Arun Prasanna3 2 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, January 2020, Vol. Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences, Srmist, Kattankulathur 1Research Abstract the present study evaluates the impact of core strength training with and without yogic practices on elasticity among the college female athletes. To attain the aim of the study forty five (N=45) female students were selected randomly as subjects from Chennai, Tamilnadu, India aged between 17 to 25 years at random. The core strength training given based on stress given in each exercise and sets and the load administered between 5 and 10 repetitions in a set with the time lapse of 15 to 10 seconds for a set. The group that acted as the experimental group had improved significantly on flexibility in comparison with control group. Introduction the spine, hips, pelvis, lower limb at the proximal level and structures in the abdomen which forms the musculoskeletal core of the body are responsible for stabilizing spine and pelvis. During the sports activities of a person, they help in the energy transformation between the large and small parts of the body. They perform the required stabilising functions of the body for the distal segments to do their functions specifically. Also they provide proximal stability of the limbs for their distal mobilization and function. Along with these functions, the core activity is involved with the activities that are limited, for example agility, kicking, throwing etc. It aims to develop core stability and improve core muscular strength leading to the improvement of the performance of the athletes. Core strength training is considered as an element of strength and conditioning by the professionals of health and fitness as it enhances the performance of the athletes and prevents injuries. However, further studies are needed to transform core strength training to performance. Scientific studies that are limited were done to evaluate the effect of core strength training on the stability of lower extremity and the performance of the athletes. This improves the muscle 512Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, January 2020, Vol. It helps in the maintenance of the balance of varied internal glands and organs of the body. Hence, the study examines the effect of yogasana exercise that may influence the significant changes in the flexibility on experimental group. Yoga is considered as the discipline of psychosomatic-spiritual being that helps in the unity and peace of our mind, body and soul. It also helps in the unity of consciousness of an individual eventually with the universe. Yoga is one of the most effective methods, by which the perfection of the latent potentialities, partially expressed in man is attained. Jnana, Bhakti, Karma and Raja are the several means to attain the perfection of personality. It is the capability of a person to move a part or body parts with a variety of purposeful movements at the speed required.

Intravenous drug abuse and type 1 diabetes: financial and healthcare implications mental illness in prison buy lyrica 150mg without prescription. Active use of cocaine: an independent risk factor for recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis in a city hospital mental health careers generic lyrica 75mg line. Insulin treatment, time-zones and air travel: a survey of current advice from British diabetic clinics. The care of students with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus living in university accommodation: scope for improvement College students with diabetes: using focus groups and interviews to determine psychosocial issues and barriers to control. Self-reported factors that affect glycemic 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 397 Part 5 Managing the Patient with Diabetes control in college students with type 1 diabetes. Young adults with type 1 diabetes in tertiary education: do students receive adequate specialist care Diets and discipline: the narratives of practice of university students with type 1 diabetes. With treatment regimens intended to produce intensive glycemic control testing should be frequent. It currently affects 285 million people worldwide and is expected to affect 435 million by 2039 [2]. When blood glucose levels increase as a result of glycogen conversion or eating carbohydrate-containing food, insulin is released restoring homeostasis through hepatic conversion of glucose to glycogen, and uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells. Conversely, if blood glucose levels fall too low as a result of exercise or lack of food, glucagon is released causing hepatic conversion of glycogen to glucose. In addition to insulin, which is the most important of the regulatory mechanisms, growth hormone, thyroxine and catecholamines are also important counter-regulatory hormones and lead to increases in blood glucose levels. The aim of monitoring glycemic control is to diagnose the nature of any impairment of homeostatic mechanisms, allow patients to understand the nature of their disorder, determine optimum times for initiating therapeutic intervention; and guide the day-to-day adjustment of management regimens. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose are the two most frequently used measures of glycemia in current practice. Blood glucose concentrations provide information about the day-to-day level of control, variation in control and response to therapeutic intervention. Measurement and interpretation of blood glucose, however, may be difficult because of potentially wide withinperson variations in measures other than when fasting. Prospective observational and intervention studies have confirmed that HbA1c levels are related to long-term disease outcomes [3,4]. Both HbA1c and blood glucose therefore, along with a number of other tests, including measurement of urinary glucose for those who do not intend to aim for intensive glucose control, remain an option for helping to identify poor glycemic control and to facilitate the adjustment of therapy to achieve optimal glucose levels. Tests and their characteristics Glycated hemoglobin Quality controlled HbA1c measurement has a central role in the management of diabetes. Its pivotal role derives from its use in reports of the major outcome studies [5,6]; HbA1c levels can be directly related to the risk of development of diabetic complications. Major national guidelines address this area and make recommendations about its use [5,7]. Hemoglobin reacts spontaneously with glucose to form glycated derivatives in a non-enzymatic manner. The process occurs slowly, with the extent of glycation determined by the concentration of glucose in blood. Human hemoglobin A undergoes such glycation to form HbA1c from a reaction between the -chain of hemoglobin A0 and glucose (Figure 25. Other compounds result from similar reactions on the and chains of hemoglobin and these can be measured as the total glycated hemoglobin. Until the measurement of different glycated derivatives in the late 1990s, the difficulties of obtaining a common reference standard and the costs of the test made comparisons between laboratories difficult and availability limited.