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Declarations of a plant site pursuant to paragraph 3 shall also include diabetic diet guidelines foods generic 25 mg acarbose amex, for each plant which is located within the plant site and which falls under the specifications set forth in paragraph 3 blood glucose 57 buy 25mg acarbose with amex, the following information: (a) the name of the plant and the name of the owner, company, or enterprise operating it; (b) Its precise location within the plant site, including the specific building or structure number, if any; (c) Its main activities. Disarmament and non-proliferation (a) the chemical name, common or trade name used by the facility, structural formula, and Chemical Abstracts Service registry number, if assigned; (b) the approximate amount of production of the chemical in the previous calendar year, or, in case of declarations on anticipated activities, anticipated for the next calendar year, expressed in the ranges: 30 to 200 tonnes, 200 to 1,000 tonnes, 1,000 to 10,000 tonnes, 10,000 to 100,000 tonnes, and above 100,000 tonnes; and (c) the purposes for which the chemical was or will be produced. Declarations on past production of Schedule 3 chemicals for chemical weapons purposes 9. Each State Party shall, not later than 30 days after this Convention enters into force for it, declare all plant sites comprising plants that produced at any time since 1 January 1946 a Schedule 3 chemical for chemical weapons purposes. Declarations of a plant site pursuant to paragraph 9 shall include: (a) the name of the plant site and the name of the owner, company, or enterprise operating it; (b) Its precise location including the address; (c) For each plant which is located within the plant site, and which falls under the specifications set forth in paragraph 9, the same information as required under paragraph 7, subparagraphs (a) to (c); and (d) For each Schedule 3 chemical produced for chemical weapons purposes: (i) (ii) (iii) the chemical name, common or trade name used by the plant site for chemical weapons production purposes, structural formula, and Chemical Abstracts Service registry number, if assigned; the dates when the chemical was produced and the quantity produced; and the location to which the chemical was delivered and the final product produced there, if known. A list of plant sites declared under this Section together with the information provided under paragraphs 6, 7 (a), 7 (c), 8 (a) and 10 shall be transmitted by the Technical Secretariat to States Parties upon request. Under this Section, the Technical Secretariat shall randomly select plant sites for inspection through appropriate mechanisms, such as the use of specially designed computer software, on the basis of the following weighting factors: (a) Equitable geographical distribution of inspections; and (b) the information on the declared plant sites available to the Technical Secretariat, related to the relevant chemical, the characteristics of the plant site and the nature of the activities carried out there. No plant site shall receive more than two inspections per year under the provisions of this Section. At plant sites declared under Section A, the general aim of inspections shall be to verify that activities are consistent with the information to be provided in declarations. In addition to agreed guidelines, other relevant provisions of this Annex and the Confidentiality Annex, paragraphs 19 to 25 below shall apply. The focus of the inspections shall be the declared Schedule 3 plant(s) within the declared plant site. Areas to be inspected may include: (a) Areas where feed chemicals (reactants) are delivered or stored; (b) Areas where manipulative processes are performed upon the reactants prior to addition to the reaction vessel; (c) Feed lines as appropriate from the areas referred to in subparagraph (a) or subparagraph (b) to the reaction vessel together with any associated valves, flow meters, etc. The period of inspection shall not last more than 24 hours; however, extensions may be agreed between the inspection team and the inspected State Party. When transferring Schedule 3 chemicals to States not Party to this Convention, each State Party shall adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the transferred chemicals shall only be used for purposes not prohibited under this Convention. Inter alia, the State Party shall require from the recipient State a certificate stating, in relation to the transferred chemicals: (a) That they will only be used for purposes not prohibited under this Convention; (b) That they will not be re-transferred; (c) Their types and quantities; (d) Their end-use(s); and (e) the name(s) and address(es) of the end-user(s). Five years after entry into force of this Convention, the Conference shall consider the need to establish other measures regarding transfers of Schedule 3 chemicals to States not Party to this Convention. The list of other chemical production facilities to be submitted pursuant to paragraph 1 shall not include plant sites that exclusively produced explosives or hydrocarbons. Each State Party shall submit its list of other chemical production facilities pursuant to paragraph 1 as part of its initial declaration not later than 30 days after this Convention enters into force for it. Each State Party shall, not later than 90 days after the beginning of each following calendar year, provide annually the information necessary to update the list. The list of other chemical production facilities to be submitted pursuant to paragraph 1 shall include the following information on each plant site: (a) the name of the plant site and the name of the owner, company, or enterprise operating it; (b) the precise location of the plant site including its address; (c) Its main activities; and (d) the approximate number of plants producing the chemicals specified in paragraph 1 in the plant site. With regard to plant sites listed pursuant to paragraph 1 (a), the list shall also include information on the approximate aggregate amount of production of the unscheduled discrete organic chemicals in the previous calendar year expressed in the ranges: under 1,000 tonnes, 1,000 to 10,000 tonnes and above 10,000 tonnes. If a State Party, for administrative reasons, deems it necessary to ask for assistance in compiling its list of chemical production facilities pursuant to paragraph 1, it may request the Technical Secretariat to provide such assistance. Questions as to the completeness of the list shall then be resolved through consultations between the State Party and the Technical Secretariat. The lists of other chemical production facilities submitted pursuant to paragraph 1, including the information provided under paragraph 4, shall be transmitted by the Technical Secretariat to States Parties upon request. Under this Section, the Technical Secretariat shall randomly select plant sites for inspection through appropriate mechanisms, such as the use of specially designed computer software, on the basis of the following weighting factors: (a) Equitable geographical distribution of inspections; (b) the information on the listed plant sites available to the Technical Secretariat, related to the characteristics of the plant site and the activities carried out there; and (c) Proposals by States Parties on a basis to be agreed upon in accordance with paragraph 25. At plant sites listed under Section A, the general aim of inspections shall be to verify that activities are consistent with the information to be provided in declarations. In addition to agreed guidelines, other relevant provisions of this Annex and the Confidentiality Annex, paragraphs 16 to 20 below shall apply. There shall be no facility agreement, unless requested by the inspected State Party. The inspected State Party shall have the right to manage access to these plants in accordance with the rules of managed access as specified in Part X, Section C, of this Annex. The inspection team may have access to records in situations in which the inspection team and the inspected State Party agree that such access will assist in achieving the objectives of the inspection.

The selection of high-quality sites requires information blood sugar over 1000 effective 25 mg acarbose, and in order to acquire this information blood sugar 70 buy acarbose without prescription, a fixed procedure is followed. Linked to this overview is a prediction concerning the presence of as yet undiscovered sites; expert judgments, as well as predictive modeling, play a part in this process (see below). A field evaluation may consist of intensive coring, digging trial pits, and specialist research, into, for example, the preservation of organic materials. It consists of a large number of parameters: conditions and phenomena which make it possible to assess the physical quality of the archaeological remains. The final result is a valuation: a judgment that makes clear whether or not a site is classified as "worth preserving. This quantitative assessment subsequently lays the foundation for a selection proposal that allows the responsible authorities to decide which sites qualify for legal protection or excavation. The last phase of the selection process involves two main steps: "policy considerations" and choices in the form of "priorities. This process attempts to take account of not only scientific interests but also the social basis for archaeological heritage management. On a national level, four major categories of heritage have been established (Groenewoudt and Bloemers 1997). Predictive Modeling this far we have focused on problems of prospection, as well as the valuation and selection of what little we know. In the next part of this paper, we deal with the unknown part of the archaeological heritage. To rural planners, predictive maps make more sense, and have proven to be more useful, than the traditional archaeological distribution maps. In addition, the use of these maps illustrates the parallel development of academic archaeology and archaeological heritage management. Maps predicting the unknown part of the archaeological resource are constructed on several spatial levels, including municipal and regional levels, and for the country as whole. Before discussing them, however, we would like to address a few issues pertaining to theory. Predictive modeling in archaeology has been defined as a "simplified set of testable hypotheses, based either on behavioral assumptions or on empirical correlations, which at a minimum attempts to predict the loci of past human 328 Reading 36 deeben and groenewoudt activities resulting in the deposition of artifacts or alteration of the landscape" (Kohler 1988: 33). Predictive models are mainly expected to map data which are in fact not yet available, from as yet undiscovered archaeological sites and relic landscapes. Predictive modeling can be carried out in a deductive, as well as in an inductive, way. In the Netherlands, most predictive modeling is undertaken in an inductive way, so models are based primarily on analyses of known site locations within an area. The established correlations between these locations and aspects of the physical landscape, such as soil type, geology, geomorphology, and distance to water, are then extrapolated to areas where no or few sites have been discovered to date. In the western or Holocene portion of the Netherlands, the inductive approach is combined with paleogeographic analyses, that is, reconstructions of the landscape carried out with the help of geological data. One example of this type of approach would be to define an area that could have been occupied during a specific period, but where archaeological remains have yet to be found. This map was produced to obtain a systematic synthesis of all known archaeological site locations, and to thereby assist Dutch archaeologists to participate in cultural-historical policy making and environmental planning as [. The starting points for producing the map were the so called "archaeo-regions," archaeological regions defined on the basis of landscape-genetic and environmental features as well as by their occupational history (Groenewoudt 1994; see also Deeben et al. On the basis of the total area with a specific combination of soil type and groundwater class, the expected number of sites was established. On the basis of the ratio of the observed to the expected number of sites, "indicative" archaeological values were grouped into three classes: low, medium, and high. In areas with the highest values, the observed number of sites will always be greater than 1.

If no conference has been convened pursuant to paragraph 2 of this article within ten years following the conclusion of a previous conference diabetes test uk gp buy genuine acarbose on-line, the Depositary shall solicit the views of all States Parties to this Convention diabetes mellitus type 2 causes order acarbose 25mg with visa, concerning the convening of such a conference. If one third or ten of the States Parties, whichever number is less, respond affirmatively, the Depositary shall take immediate steps to convene the conference. Any State which does not sign the Convention before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may accede to it at any time. Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. This Convention shall enter into force upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by twenty Governments in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article. For those States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited after the entry into force of this Convention, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. The Depositary shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification or accession and the date of the entry into force of this Convention and of any amendments thereto, as well as of the receipt of other notices. This Convention shall be registered by the Depositary in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. In witness whereof, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention, opened for signature at Geneva on the eighteenth day of May, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven. The Consultative Committee of Experts shall undertake to make appropriate findings of fact and provide expert views relevant to any problem raised pursuant to paragraph 1 of article V of this Convention by the State Party requesting the convening of the Committee. The work of the Consultative Committee of Experts shall be organized in such a way as to permit it to perform the functions set forth in paragraph 1 of this annex. The Committee shall decide procedural questions relative to the organization of its work, where possible by consensus, but otherwise by a majority of those present and voting. The Depositary or his representative shall serve as the Chairman of the Committee. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes never under any circumstances: (a) To develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile or retain chemical weapons, or transfer, directly or indirectly, chemical weapons to anyone; (b) To use chemical weapons; (c) To engage in any military preparations to use chemical weapons; (d) To assist, encourage or induce, in any way, anyone to engage in any activity prohibited to a State Party under this Convention. Each State Party undertakes to destroy chemical weapons it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention. Each State Party undertakes to destroy all chemical weapons it abandoned on the territory of another State Party, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention. Each State Party undertakes to destroy any chemical weapons production facilities it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention. Each State Party undertakes not to use riot control agents as a method of warfare. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere. It shall be deemed to be equal to the nameplate capacity or, if the nameplate capacity is not available, to the design capacity. The nameplate capacity is the product output under conditions optimized for maximum quantity for the production facility, as demonstrated by one or more testruns. Disarmament and non-proliferation With respect to chemical weapons production facilities: (i) (ii) Declare whether it has or has had any chemical weapons production facility under its ownership or possession, or that is or has been located in any place under its jurisdiction or control at any time since 1 January 1946; Specify any chemical weapons production facility it has or has had under its ownership or possession or that is or has been located in any place under its jurisdiction or control at any time since 1 January 1946, in accordance with Part V, paragraph 1, of the Verification Annex, except for those facilities referred to in sub-subparagraph (iii); Report any chemical weapons production facility on its territory that another State has or has had under its ownership and possession and that is or has been located in any place under the jurisdiction or control of another State at any time since 1 January 1946, in accordance with Part V, paragraph 2, of the Verification Annex; Declare whether it has transferred or received, directly or indirectly, any equipment for the production of chemical weapons since 1 January 1946 and specify the transfer or receipt of such equipment, in accordance with Part V, paragraphs 3 to 5, of the Verification Annex; Provide its general plan for destruction of any chemical weapons production facility it owns or possesses, or that is located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with Part V, paragraph 6, of the Verification Annex; Specify actions to be taken for closure of any chemical weapons production facility it owns or possesses, or that is located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with Part V, paragraph 1 (i), of the Verification Annex; Provide its general plan for any temporary conversion of any chemical weapons production facility it owns or possesses, or that is located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, into a chemical weapons destruction facility, in accordance with Part V, paragraph 7, of the Verification Annex; (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (d) With respect to other facilities: Specify the precise location, nature and general scope of activities of any facility or establishment under its ownership or possession, or located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, and that has been designed, constructed or used since 1 January 1946 primarily for development of chemical weapons. This declaration shall be updated not later than 30 days after any change becomes effective. Thereafter, each State Party shall not remove any of these chemical weapons, except to a chemical weapons destruction facility. It shall provide access to such chemical weapons, for the purpose of systematic on-site verification. Each State Party shall provide access to any chemical weapons destruction facilities and their storage areas, that it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, for the purpose of systematic verification through on-site inspection and monitoring with on-site instruments. Each State Party shall destroy all chemical weapons specified in paragraph 1 pursuant to the Verification Annex and in accordance with the agreed rate and sequence of destruction (hereinafter referred to as "order of destruction"). Such destruction shall begin not later than two years after this Convention enters into force for it and shall finish not later than 10 years after entry into force of this Convention. A State Party is not precluded from destroying such chemical weapons at a faster rate. If a State ratifies or accedes to this Convention after the 10-year period for destruction set forth in paragraph 6, it shall destroy chemical weapons specified in paragraph 1 as soon as possible. The order of destruction and procedures for stringent verification for such a State Party shall be determined by the Executive Council. Each State Party, during transportation, sampling, storage and destruction of chemical weapons, shall assign the highest priority to ensuring the safety of people and to protecting the environment.

Second diabetes type 1 latest treatment generic acarbose 25mg visa, cigarette packaging has assumed a more significant role in communicating the brand image of tobacco products (see chapter 4) diabetes mellitus type 2 history discount acarbose. Third, sponsorship of events by tobacco companies, to promote both tobacco brands and corporate image, has increased substantially (see chapters 4 and 6). Depiction of smoking in movies, including use of cigarette brands, has also become more prevalent and is a risk factor for youth smoking (see chapter 10). Research has provided convincing evidence that the tobacco industry has modified marketing strategies in step with the extent of tobacco control. As detailed in chapters 4 and 7, research demonstrates that the placement of tobacco in convenience stores beside candy and everyday consumer goods increases the sense of "friendly familiarity" with tobacco, increases youth perceptions of high smoking prevalence, and may increase the likelihood that youth will initiate smoking. Research is needed to increase understanding of the ways in which these price discounts interact with other promotional strategies to influence tobacco 15. Studies of cigarette sales data might analyze sales volume data from convenience store or supermarket scanners. Only one relatively small-scale study of cigarette sales data at the retail level has been performed. Cigarette packaging is all the more important because, unlike other consumer-product packaging that is discarded after purchase, cigarette packs are taken out and may be displayed whenever a cigarette is smoked. Research on perceptions about popular cigarettes, including those that appear to communicate reduced harm, could provide helpful information on youth perceptions and misperceptions of particular brands. Youth-oriented education and advocacy that have sought to publicize tobacco industry marketing approaches might focus on how tobacco companies use packaging to entice young consumers to their brands. Adult smokers might also benefit by better understanding how tobacco companies seek to reassure them about health concerns through clever cigarette packaging (see "Corrective Advertising About Tobacco Industry Product Claims" later in this chapter). The Role of the Media the United States lags behind nations that have introduced graphic pictorial health warnings on tobacco products. Descriptive studies suggest that the effects of adolescent exposure to smoking in movies can be decreased (1) by motivating parents to restrict access to such movies or (2) by teaching adolescents to evaluate smoking in movies with more skepticism through training in media literacy. Tobacco exposure in online media remains an area for further study (see chapters 4 and 10). YouTube,14 the free video-sharing Internet site, has hosted advertisements by the Office of National Drug Control Policy15 as well as protobacco material. Entertainment Media Youth are frequently exposed to depictions of smoking in entertainment media (see chapter 10). The prevalence of smoking is overrepresented in movies, and identifiable cigarette brands appear in about one-third of movies. Smokers in movies are more likely than smokers in real life to be affluent and white. Experimental studies demonstrate that depiction of smoking in movies enhances the perception that smoking is normal and desirable and increases intentions to smoke. The association between exposure to depiction of smoking in movies and youth smoking initiation lends weight to the justification for efforts to reduce movie depictions of cigarette smoking and youth exposure to them (see chapter 10). Proposals for action have focused on the individual, family, and societal levels, including improving the media literacy of youth; encouraging greater parental responsibility for restricting youth viewing of R-rated movies, which depict smoking more commonly; and placing an R rating on movies featuring tobacco use. This issue is particularly important because corporate-image and industry-sponsored campaigns to prevent youth smoking may engender 601 15. Future Directions sympathy for tobacco companies,19,20 and favorable attitudes toward the tobacco industry are related to increased likelihood of youth smoking initiation. Future research could measure public opinion about tobacco companies, public support for tobacco control policies, and their relationship with exposure to corporate advertising, including tobacco company-sponsored ads for prevention of youth smoking and Web-based messages on smoking cessation from tobacco manufacturers. For example, researchers might study the views of leaders of societal opinion or media gatekeepers. Media campaigns for prevention of youth smoking that are sponsored by tobacco companies have a face-value message that tobacco companies do not want youth to smoke. Statements against self-interest tend to increase the 602 perceived trustworthiness of the source of the statement. Because peer-reviewed, population-based research has convincingly demonstrated that these campaigns have negligible or adverse outcomes on youth smoking,20,25 tobacco company-sponsored media campaigns on preventing smoking or promoting smoking cessation require careful scrutiny. Additional research is needed to understand for which audiences and under what circumstances exposure to such messages dilutes or undermines the demonstrated beneficial effects of media campaigns sponsored by the public health community.

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